Sovereignty Module: Heal the Wounded
Heal the Wounded
Complete Health and Medicine: From Prevention to Surgery
Complete Health and Medicine: From Prevention to Surgery
Medical knowledge saves lives. This campaign covers anatomy, diagnosis, treatment, surgery, pharmacy, and public health.
Chapter 1: Anatomy Essentials
| System | Key Organs | Function | Common Problems | Emergency Signs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | Heart, arteries, veins | Pump blood, deliver oxygen | Heart attack, stroke, bleeding | Chest pain, sudden weakness, uncontrolled bleeding |
| Respiratory | Lungs, trachea, diaphragm | Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) | Pneumonia, asthma, obstruction | Can't breathe, blue lips, choking |
| Digestive | Stomach, intestines, liver | Break down food, absorb nutrients | Diarrhea, appendicitis, obstruction | Severe abdominal pain, bloody stool, vomiting blood |
| Nervous | Brain, spinal cord, nerves | Control, sensation, thought | Stroke, seizure, head injury | Unconscious, seizure, paralysis, confusion |
| Musculoskeletal | Bones, muscles, joints | Movement, support, protection | Fractures, sprains, dislocations | Deformity, inability to move, severe pain |
| Urinary | Kidneys, bladder, urethra | Filter blood, remove waste | Infection, stones, retention | No urine output, blood in urine, severe flank pain |
| Immune | Lymph nodes, spleen, white cells | Fight infection | Infection, abscess, sepsis | High fever, red streaks, confusion, rapid heart rate |
| Reproductive | Uterus, ovaries / testes | Reproduction | Childbirth complications, infection | Heavy bleeding, prolonged labor, fever after birth |
| Integumentary | Skin, hair, nails | Protection, temperature regulation | Burns, wounds, infection | Large burns, deep wounds, spreading redness |
Chapter 2: Diagnosis
| Vital Sign | Normal Adult | Concerning | Emergency | How to Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | 60-100 bpm | <50 or >120 | <40 or >150 | Fingers on wrist (radial), count 15 sec × 4 |
| Breathing rate | 12-20/min | <10 or >24 | <8 or >30 | Watch chest rise, count 30 sec × 2 |
| Temperature | 97.8-99.1°F | >100.4°F (fever) | >104°F or <95°F | Thermometer (oral, armpit, rectal) |
| Blood pressure | 120/80 mmHg | >140/90 or <90/60 | >180/120 or <80/50 | Cuff + stethoscope (or palpation) |
| Consciousness | Alert, oriented | Confused, drowsy | Unresponsive | AVPU scale: Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive |
| Skin color | Pink (varies by ethnicity) | Pale, flushed, yellow | Blue (cyanosis), grey, mottled | Observe lips, nail beds, palms |
| Pupils | Equal, round, reactive to light | Unequal, sluggish | Fixed, dilated (both) | Shine light in eyes, observe constriction |
Chapter 3: Emergency Medicine
| Emergency | Immediate Action | Do NOT | Time Critical | Equipment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe bleeding | Direct pressure (15+ min), tourniquet if limb | Remove clot, release pressure early | Minutes (death from blood loss) | Clean cloth, tourniquet, pressure |
| Choking | Back blows (5), abdominal thrusts (5), repeat | Blind finger sweep | Seconds-minutes | Hands only |
| Heart attack | Aspirin (chew), rest, calm, transport | Ignore symptoms, exert | Hours (heart muscle dying) | Aspirin, transport |
| Stroke | Note time of onset, transport immediately | Give food/water, delay | Hours (brain tissue dying) | Transport only |
| Fracture | Immobilize (splint), ice, elevate | Move unnecessarily, straighten angulated | Hours | Splint material, padding |
| Burns (severe) | Cool water (20 min), cover loosely, fluids | Ice, butter, break blisters | Hours | Clean water, sterile dressing |
| Anaphylaxis | Epinephrine (if available), airway, position | Sit upright (lay flat, legs up) | Minutes | Epinephrine, airway management |
| Drowning | Remove from water, CPR if no breathing | Heimlich (not for drowning) | Seconds | CPR skills |
| Hypothermia | Remove wet clothes, warm gradually, warm fluids | Hot bath (rewarming shock), rub skin | Hours | Dry clothes, blankets, warm fluids |
| Heatstroke | Cool rapidly (water, shade, fan), fluids | Give aspirin, delay cooling | Minutes-hours | Water, shade, fan |
Chapter 4: Wound Care and Surgery
| Wound Type | Treatment | Closure | Infection Risk | Healing Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clean cut (sharp edge) | Clean, irrigate, close | Suture, butterfly strips, or glue | Low (if cleaned) | 7-14 days |
| Laceration (torn) | Clean, irrigate, debride dead tissue | Suture or leave open (if dirty) | Moderate | 14-21 days |
| Puncture | Clean, irrigate deeply, leave open | Do NOT close (trap infection) | High | 14-21 days |
| Abrasion (scrape) | Clean, irrigate, moist dressing | Leave open (too shallow to close) | Low-moderate | 7-14 days |
| Bite (animal/human) | Clean aggressively, irrigate, antibiotics | Leave open (high infection risk) | Very high | 14-28 days |
| Burn (partial thickness) | Cool water 20 min, clean, moist dressing | Leave open, non-stick dressing | Moderate | 14-21 days |
| Burn (full thickness) | Cool, clean, refer/transport | Skin graft needed | High | Months |
| Abscess | Incise and drain, pack, antibiotics | Leave open (drain) | Already infected | 7-14 days |
Suturing: 1) Clean wound thoroughly (irrigate with clean water or saline). 2) Anesthetize if possible (lidocaine injection). 3) Use curved needle + suture material (silk, nylon, or gut). 4) Enter skin 3-5mm from wound edge. 5) Pass through both sides equally. 6) Tie square knot (not too tight). 7) Space sutures 5-8mm apart. 8) Remove in 7-14 days (face: 5 days, body: 7-10, joints: 14).
Chapter 5: Herbal Medicine
| Plant | Parts Used | Preparation | Uses | Dosage | Cautions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Willow bark | Inner bark | Tea (decoction) | Pain, fever, inflammation | 1-2 tsp bark in cup water, 3x/day | Blood thinning, stomach upset |
| Yarrow | Leaves, flowers | Poultice (fresh), tea | Stop bleeding, fever, cold/flu | Poultice: apply fresh. Tea: 1 tsp/cup | Avoid in pregnancy |
| Plantain (broadleaf) | Leaves | Poultice (fresh, chewed) | Insect bites, stings, wounds | Apply fresh crushed leaf | None known |
| Elderberry | Berries (cooked), flowers | Syrup, tea | Immune support, cold/flu | 1 tbsp syrup 3x/day | Raw berries toxic (must cook) |
| Chamomile | Flowers | Tea | Anxiety, sleep, digestion, inflammation | 1-2 tsp flowers/cup, 3x/day | Ragweed allergy cross-reaction |
| Garlic | Bulb | Raw, oil, poultice | Antibiotic, antifungal, immune | 1-3 cloves raw/day | Blood thinning, stomach |
| Honey (raw) | — | Topical, internal | Wound healing, cough, energy | Topical: apply to wound. Internal: 1 tbsp | Not for infants <1 year |
| Comfrey | Leaves, root | Poultice (external only) | Fractures, sprains, wounds | Poultice: apply to area | NEVER internal (liver toxic) |
| Echinacea | Root, flowers | Tincture, tea | Immune stimulation, infection | Tincture: 30 drops 3x/day | Autoimmune conditions |
| Ginger | Root | Tea, raw, dried | Nausea, digestion, circulation | 1-2 tsp grated in hot water | Blood thinning at high doses |
| Turmeric | Root | Powder, paste, tea | Inflammation, pain, wounds | 1 tsp powder/day in food | Blood thinning, gallstones |
| Aloe vera | Leaf gel | Topical | Burns, skin irritation, wounds | Apply gel directly | Internal use: laxative |
Chapter 6: Public Health
| Measure | Purpose | Implementation | Impact | Priority |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clean water | Prevent waterborne disease | Filter, boil, or treat all drinking water | Prevents 80% of disease | Critical (#1) |
| Sanitation (latrine) | Prevent fecal-oral disease | Pit latrine 100+ ft from water, downhill | Prevents cholera, typhoid, dysentery | Critical (#2) |
| Hand washing | Break disease transmission | Soap + water before eating, after toilet | Reduces infection 50%+ | Critical (#3) |
| Food safety | Prevent foodborne illness | Cook thoroughly, store properly, clean prep | Prevents food poisoning | High |
| Quarantine | Stop epidemic spread | Isolate sick, limit contact, 14-day watch | Stops outbreaks | High (during outbreaks) |
| Vaccination (if available) | Prevent specific diseases | Immunize population (especially children) | Eliminates diseases | High (if available) |
| Pest control | Prevent vector-borne disease | Drain standing water, screens, traps | Prevents malaria, plague, typhus | High |
| Nutrition | Maintain immune function | Diverse diet, adequate calories, vitamins | Prevents deficiency diseases | Critical |
| Dental hygiene | Prevent tooth decay/infection | Brush (twig/brush), avoid sugar, salt rinse | Prevents abscess, systemic infection | Moderate |
| Wound care | Prevent infection | Clean all wounds, cover, watch for infection | Prevents sepsis, gangrene | High |
Reference Card
- Clean water + sanitation + hand washing: these three prevent 80%+ of all disease. Before any other medicine, establish these. Non-negotiable.
- Bleeding: direct pressure for 15+ minutes (don't peek). If limb and life-threatening, tourniquet 2-3 inches above wound, tight until bleeding stops. Note time.
- Infection signs: redness spreading, warmth, swelling, pus, red streaks toward heart, fever. Red streaks = emergency (sepsis developing). Act immediately.
- Fracture: immobilize above and below the break. Pad splint. Check circulation below (pulse, color, sensation). Transport if angulated or open.
- Willow bark: nature's aspirin. Inner bark of willow tree, boiled 15 minutes. Reduces pain, fever, inflammation. 1-2 cups/day. Not for children.
- Honey on wounds: raw honey is antibacterial. Apply directly to clean wounds. Cover with dressing. Change daily. Proven effective for centuries.
- Rehydration: diarrhea kills through dehydration. Solution: 1 liter clean water + 6 teaspoons sugar + 1/2 teaspoon salt. Sip continuously. Saves lives.
- Prevention: 90% of medicine is prevention. Clean water, clean food, clean hands, clean wounds, adequate nutrition, adequate rest. Treat the cause, not just symptoms.
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