Sovereignty Module: Heal the Wounded
Heal the Wounded
Complete Health and Medicine: From Prevention to Surgery
Complete Health and Medicine: From Prevention to Surgery
Health knowledge saves more lives than any weapon. This campaign covers hygiene, diagnosis, herbal medicine, wound care, childbirth, dentistry, and field surgery.
Chapter 1: Disease Prevention
| Measure | Diseases Prevented | Effectiveness | Cost | Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clean water (boiled/filtered) | Cholera, typhoid, dysentery, parasites | 90%+ reduction | Low | Easy |
| Handwashing (soap + water) | All infectious diseases | 40-50% reduction | Very low | Easy |
| Latrine (50+ ft from water) | Cholera, typhoid, parasites, dysentery | 80%+ reduction | Low | Easy |
| Food hygiene (cook thoroughly) | Salmonella, E. coli, parasites | 90%+ reduction | None | Easy |
| Quarantine (isolate sick) | All contagious diseases | High (depends on compliance) | None | Moderate |
| Ventilation (fresh air) | TB, flu, respiratory infections | Moderate-high | None | Easy |
| Insect control (nets, screens) | Malaria, dengue, yellow fever | 70-90% reduction | Low-moderate | Easy |
| Wound cleaning (immediate) | Tetanus, gangrene, sepsis | Very high | Very low | Easy |
| Dental hygiene | Tooth decay, abscess, systemic infection | High | Very low | Easy |
| Nutrition (balanced diet) | Scurvy, rickets, pellagra, beriberi | Complete prevention | Moderate | Moderate |
Chapter 2: Diagnostic Signs
| Sign | Normal | Concerning | Emergency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pulse (adult) | 60-100 bpm, regular, strong | >100 or <50, irregular, weak | >150 or <40, absent, thready |
| Breathing (adult) | 12-20/min, easy, quiet | >24, labored, wheezing | >30, gasping, blue lips |
| Temperature | 97-99°F (36-37.2°C) | 99-102°F (fever) | >104°F or <95°F |
| Skin color | Pink/normal for ethnicity | Pale, flushed, yellow | Blue (cyanosis), grey, mottled |
| Pupils | Equal, round, reactive to light | Unequal, sluggish | Fixed, dilated (both) |
| Mental status | Alert, oriented, conversational | Confused, drowsy, agitated | Unresponsive, seizure |
| Urine | Clear to pale yellow, adequate volume | Dark yellow, reduced volume | Brown/red, no output >6 hours |
| Capillary refill | <2 seconds (press nail bed) | 2-4 seconds | >4 seconds (shock) |
Chapter 3: Herbal Medicine (Evidence-Based)
| Plant | Active Compounds | Uses | Preparation | Dosage | Cautions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Willow bark | Salicin (aspirin precursor) | Pain, fever, inflammation | Decoction (boil bark 15 min) | 1-2 cups/day | Stomach irritation, not for children |
| Garlic | Allicin | Infection, blood pressure, parasites | Raw (crushed), tincture | 2-4 cloves/day raw | Blood thinning |
| Honey (raw) | Hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal | Wound healing, cough, burns | Topical (wounds), oral (cough) | Apply directly to wounds | Not for infants <1 year |
| Aloe vera | Acemannan, anthraquinones | Burns, skin healing, constipation | Gel (topical), juice (internal) | Apply gel freely | Internal use: small doses only |
| Chamomile | Bisabolol, apigenin | Anxiety, sleep, digestive, inflammation | Tea (steep 10 min covered) | 1-3 cups/day | Ragweed allergy cross-reaction |
| Echinacea | Alkamides, polysaccharides | Immune support, cold/flu onset | Tincture, tea | At first symptoms, 5-7 days max | Autoimmune conditions |
| Plantain (herb) | Aucubin, allantoin | Wound healing, insect bites, inflammation | Poultice (chew/crush fresh leaf) | Apply directly | None significant |
| Yarrow | Achilleic acid | Stop bleeding, fever, cold/flu | Poultice (bleeding), tea (fever) | Pack wound, or 1-2 cups tea | Pregnancy (avoid) |
| Ginger | Gingerols, shogaols | Nausea, digestion, circulation, pain | Tea, fresh, tincture | 1-4g/day | Blood thinning at high doses |
| Elderberry | Anthocyanins, flavonoids | Cold/flu prevention and treatment | Syrup, tea (cooked berries only) | 1 tbsp syrup 3×/day | RAW berries are toxic (must cook) |
Chapter 4: Wound Care
| Wound Type | Immediate Action | Cleaning | Closure | Dressing | Healing Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrasion (scrape) | Remove debris | Flush with clean water | None (leave open) | Non-stick dressing | 5-14 days |
| Laceration (cut) | Direct pressure to stop bleeding | Irrigate thoroughly with clean water | Butterfly strips or sutures | Sterile dressing, change daily | 7-21 days |
| Puncture | Let bleed briefly (flushes) | Irrigate if possible | Do NOT close (infection risk) | Loose dressing | 14-28 days |
| Avulsion (flap) | Reposition flap, pressure | Irrigate under flap | Secure flap with strips | Non-stick + pressure dressing | 14-28 days |
| Burn (1st degree) | Cool water 10-20 minutes | Gentle wash | None | Aloe or honey + loose dressing | 5-10 days |
| Burn (2nd degree) | Cool water 10-20 minutes | Gentle wash, don't pop blisters | None | Honey or silver dressing + loose wrap | 14-28 days |
| Burn (3rd degree) | Cool water, do NOT remove stuck clothing | Minimal (risk of shock) | Requires grafting (beyond field care) | Clean, loose, non-adherent | Months (requires advanced care) |
Infection signs (seek advanced care): Increasing redness spreading from wound. Red streaks moving toward heart. Pus (yellow/green discharge). Fever. Increasing pain after day 2-3. Foul smell. Swollen lymph nodes near wound.
Chapter 5: Fractures and Dislocations
| Injury | Signs | Immediate Care | Splinting | Healing Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closed fracture | Pain, swelling, deformity, crepitus | Immobilize, ice, elevate | Splint above and below fracture | 6-12 weeks |
| Open fracture | Bone visible through skin | Cover wound, immobilize, URGENT | Splint without pushing bone back | Requires surgery |
| Finger fracture | Swelling, pain, inability to straighten | Buddy tape to adjacent finger | Aluminum splint or popsicle stick | 3-6 weeks |
| Wrist fracture | Pain, swelling, deformity | Immobilize wrist + hand | Padded splint, wrist neutral | 6-8 weeks |
| Ankle fracture | Cannot bear weight, swelling, deformity | Immobilize, elevate, ice | Pillow splint or rigid splint | 6-12 weeks |
| Shoulder dislocation | Arm held away from body, hollow shoulder | Sling, do NOT force back | Sling and swathe | Reduction needed (trained person) |
| Rib fracture | Pain with breathing, point tender | Upright position, pain control | Do NOT wrap chest (restricts breathing) | 4-6 weeks |
Splinting principles: Immobilize joint above AND below fracture. Pad all bony prominences. Check circulation below splint (pulse, color, sensation) every hour. Splint in position found (do not straighten). Materials: sticks, boards, rolled newspaper, SAM splint, pillow.
Chapter 6: Emergency Procedures
| Situation | Assessment | Action | Critical Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Severe bleeding | Bright red, spurting or flowing fast | Direct pressure (15 min continuous), tourniquet if limb | Minutes (death from blood loss in 3-5 min) |
| Choking (conscious) | Cannot speak/cough, clutching throat | Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich) | Seconds to minutes |
| Not breathing | No chest rise, no air felt | Open airway (head tilt/chin lift), rescue breaths | Brain damage in 4-6 minutes |
| No pulse | Unresponsive, no breathing, no pulse | CPR (30 compressions : 2 breaths) | Brain death in 4-6 minutes |
| Shock | Pale, cold, sweaty, rapid weak pulse | Lay flat, elevate legs, keep warm, treat cause | Progressive without treatment |
| Anaphylaxis | Swelling, hives, difficulty breathing | Epinephrine (if available), position of comfort | Minutes (airway closure) |
| Hypothermia | Shivering → confusion → unconsciousness | Remove wet clothes, warm gradually, warm drinks | Hours (prevent further cooling) |
| Heat stroke | Hot dry skin, confusion, >104°F | Cool aggressively (water, shade, fan) | Minutes (organ damage) |
Reference Card
- Prevention > treatment: clean water, handwashing, latrines, and nutrition prevent 90% of disease. Cheapest medicine is hygiene.
- Wound care: irrigate thoroughly with clean water. Most important step. Pressure stops bleeding. Honey is excellent wound dressing.
- Willow bark tea: nature's aspirin. Boil bark 15 minutes. 1-2 cups for pain and fever. Not for children or stomach problems.
- Splint: immobilize above and below injury. Pad bony spots. Check circulation hourly. Do not straighten deformed limbs.
- Infection signs: spreading redness, red streaks, pus, fever, increasing pain after day 3. Requires advanced care.
- Bleeding control: direct pressure 15 minutes (do not peek). Tourniquet for life-threatening limb bleeding only. Note time applied.
- CPR: 30 compressions (hard, fast, center of chest) then 2 breaths. Continue until help arrives or patient recovers.
- Shock position: lay flat, elevate legs 12 inches, keep warm, treat underlying cause. Do NOT give food/water if surgery possible.
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